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name: ml-pipeline-orchestrator description: | Orchestrates complete machine learning pipelines within SpecWeave increments. Activates when users request "ML pipeline", "train model", "build ML system", "end-to-end ML", "ML workflow", "model training pipeline", or similar. Guides users through data preprocessing, feature engineering, model training, evaluation, and deployment using SpecWeave's spec-driven approach. Integrates with increment lifecycle for reproducible ML development.

ML Pipeline Orchestrator

Overview

This skill transforms ML development into a SpecWeave increment-based workflow, ensuring every ML project follows the same disciplined approach: spec → plan → tasks → implement → validate. It orchestrates the complete ML lifecycle from data exploration to model deployment, with full traceability and living documentation.

Core Philosophy

SpecWeave + ML = Disciplined Data Science

Traditional ML development often lacks structure:

• ❌ Jupyter notebooks with no version control
• ❌ Experiments without documentation
• ❌ Models deployed with no reproducibility
• ❌ Team knowledge trapped in individual notebooks

SpecWeave brings discipline:

• ✅ Every ML feature is an increment (with spec, plan, tasks)
• ✅ Experiments tracked and documented automatically
• ✅ Model versions tied to increments
• ✅ Living docs capture learnings and decisions

How It Works

Phase 1: ML Increment Planning

When you request "build a recommendation model", the skill:

1. Creates ML increment structure:

.specweave/increments/0042-recommendation-model/
├── spec.md                    # ML requirements, success metrics
├── plan.md                    # Pipeline architecture
├── tasks.md                   # Implementation tasks
├── tests.md                   # Evaluation criteria
├── experiments/               # Experiment tracking
│   ├── exp-001-baseline/
│   ├── exp-002-xgboost/
│   └── exp-003-neural-net/
├── data/                      # Data samples, schemas
│   ├── schema.yaml
│   └── sample.csv
├── models/                    # Trained models
│   ├── model-v1.pkl
│   └── model-v2.pkl
└── notebooks/                 # Exploratory notebooks
    ├── 01-eda.ipynb
    └── 02-feature-engineering.ipynb

2. Generates ML-specific spec (spec.md):

## ML Problem Definition
- Problem type: Recommendation (collaborative filtering)
- Input: User behavior history
- Output: Top-N product recommendations
- Success metrics: Precision@10 > 0.25, Recall@10 > 0.15

## Data Requirements
- Training data: 6 months user interactions
- Validation: Last month
- Features: User profile, product attributes, interaction history

## Model Requirements
- Latency: <100ms inference
- Throughput: 1000 req/sec
- Accuracy: Better than random baseline by 3x
- Explainability: Must explain top-3 recommendations

3. Creates ML-specific tasks (tasks.md):

- [ ] T-001: Data exploration and quality analysis
- [ ] T-002: Feature engineering pipeline
- [ ] T-003: Train baseline model (random/popularity)
- [ ] T-004: Train candidate models (3 algorithms)
- [ ] T-005: Hyperparameter tuning (best model)
- [ ] T-006: Model evaluation (all metrics)
- [ ] T-007: Model explainability (SHAP/LIME)
- [ ] T-008: Production deployment preparation
- [ ] T-009: A/B test plan

Phase 2: Pipeline Execution

The skill guides through each task with best practices:

Task 1: Data Exploration

# Generated template with SpecWeave integration
import pandas as pd
import mlflow
from specweave import track_experiment

# Auto-logs to .specweave/increments/0042.../experiments/
with track_experiment("exp-001-eda") as exp:
    df = pd.read_csv("data/interactions.csv")
    
    # EDA
    exp.log_param("dataset_size", len(df))
    exp.log_metric("missing_values", df.isnull().sum().sum())
    
    # Auto-generates report in increment folder
    exp.save_report("eda-summary.md")

Task 3: Train Baseline

from sklearn.dummy import DummyClassifier
from specweave import track_model

with track_model("baseline-random", increment="0042") as model:
    clf = DummyClassifier(strategy="uniform")
    clf.fit(X_train, y_train)
    
    # Automatically logged to increment
    model.log_metrics({
        "accuracy": 0.12,
        "precision@10": 0.08
    })
    model.save_artifact(clf, "baseline.pkl")

Task 4: Train Candidate Models

from xgboost import XGBClassifier
from specweave import ModelExperiment

# Parallel experiments with auto-tracking
experiments = [
    ModelExperiment("xgboost", XGBClassifier, params_xgb),
    ModelExperiment("lightgbm", LGBMClassifier, params_lgbm),
    ModelExperiment("neural-net", KerasModel, params_nn)
]

results = run_experiments(
    experiments,
    increment="0042",
    save_to="experiments/"
)

# Auto-generates comparison table in increment docs

Phase 3: Increment Completion

When /sw:done 0042 runs:

1. Validates ML-specific criteria:

   • ✅ All experiments logged
   • ✅ Best model saved
   • ✅ Evaluation metrics documented
   • ✅ Model explainability artifacts present

2. Generates completion summary:

## Recommendation Model - COMPLETE

### Experiments Run: 7
1. exp-001-baseline (random): precision@10=0.08
2. exp-002-popularity: precision@10=0.18
3. exp-003-xgboost: precision@10=0.26 ✅ BEST
4. exp-004-lightgbm: precision@10=0.24
5. exp-005-neural-net: precision@10=0.22
...

### Best Model
- Algorithm: XGBoost
- Version: model-v3.pkl
- Metrics: precision@10=0.26, recall@10=0.16
- Training time: 45 min
- Model size: 12 MB

### Deployment Ready
- ✅ Inference latency: 35ms (target: <100ms)
- ✅ Explainability: SHAP values computed
- ✅ A/B test plan documented

3. Syncs living docs (via /sw:sync-docs):
   • Updates architecture docs with model design
   • Adds ADR for algorithm selection
   • Documents learnings in runbooks

When to Use This Skill

Activate this skill when you need to:

• Build ML features end-to-end - From idea to deployed model
• Ensure reproducibility - Every experiment tracked and documented
• Follow ML best practices - Baseline comparison, proper validation, explainability
• Integrate ML with software engineering - ML as increments, not isolated notebooks
• Maintain team knowledge - Living docs capture why decisions were made

ML Pipeline Stages

1. Data Stage

• Data exploration (EDA)
• Data quality assessment
• Schema validation
• Sample data documentation

2. Feature Stage

• Feature engineering
• Feature selection
• Feature importance analysis
• Feature store integration (optional)

3. Training Stage

• Baseline model (random, rule-based)
• Candidate models (3+ algorithms)
• Hyperparameter tuning
• Cross-validation

4. Evaluation Stage

• Comprehensive metrics (accuracy, precision, recall, F1, AUC)
• Business metrics (latency, throughput)
• Model comparison (vs baseline, vs previous version)
• Error analysis

5. Explainability Stage

• Feature importance
• SHAP values
• LIME explanations
• Example predictions with rationale

6. Deployment Stage

• Model packaging
• Inference pipeline
• A/B test plan
• Monitoring setup

Integration with SpecWeave Workflow

With Experiment Tracking

# Start ML increment
/sw:inc "0042-recommendation-model"

# Automatically integrates experiment tracking
# All MLflow/W&B logs saved to increment folder

With Living Docs

# After training best model
/sw:sync-docs update

# Automatically:
# - Updates architecture/ml-models.md
# - Adds ADR for algorithm choice
# - Documents hyperparameters in runbooks

With GitHub Sync

# Create GitHub issue for model retraining
/sw:github:create-issue "Retrain recommendation model with new data"

# Linked to increment 0042
# Issue tracks model performance over time

Best Practices

1. Always Start with Baseline

# Before training complex models, establish baseline
baseline_results = train_baseline_model(
    strategies=["random", "popularity", "rule-based"]
)
# Requirement: New model must beat best baseline by 20%+

2. Use Cross-Validation

# Never trust single train/test split
cv_scores = cross_val_score(model, X, y, cv=5)
exp.log_metric("cv_mean", cv_scores.mean())
exp.log_metric("cv_std", cv_scores.std())

3. Track Everything

# Hyperparameters, metrics, artifacts, environment
exp.log_params(model.get_params())
exp.log_metrics({"accuracy": acc, "f1": f1})
exp.log_artifact("model.pkl")
exp.log_artifact("requirements.txt")  # Reproducibility

4. Document Failures

# Failed experiments are valuable learnings
with track_experiment("exp-006-failed-lstm") as exp:
    # ... training fails ...
    exp.log_note("FAILED: LSTM overfits badly, needs regularization")
    exp.set_status("failed")
# This documents why LSTM wasn't chosen

5. Model Versioning

# Tie model versions to increments
model_version = f"0042-v{iteration}"
mlflow.register_model(
    f"runs:/{run_id}/model",
    f"recommendation-model-{model_version}"
)

Examples

Example 1: Classification Pipeline

User: "Build a fraud detection model for transactions"

Skill creates increment 0051-fraud-detection with:
- spec.md: Binary classification, 99% precision target
- plan.md: Imbalanced data handling, threshold tuning
- tasks.md: 9 tasks from EDA to deployment
- experiments/: exp-001-baseline, exp-002-xgboost, etc.

Guides through:
1. EDA → identify class imbalance (0.1% fraud)
2. Baseline → random/majority (terrible results)
3. Candidates → XGBoost, LightGBM, Neural Net
4. Threshold tuning → optimize for precision
5. SHAP → explain high-risk predictions
6. Deploy → model + threshold + explainer

Example 2: Regression Pipeline

User: "Predict customer lifetime value"

Skill creates increment 0063-ltv-prediction with:
- spec.md: Regression, RMSE < $50 target
- plan.md: Time-based validation, feature engineering
- tasks.md: Customer cohort analysis, feature importance

Key difference: Regression-specific evaluation (RMSE, MAE, R²)

Example 3: Time Series Forecasting

User: "Forecast weekly sales for next 12 weeks"

Skill creates increment 0072-sales-forecasting with:
- spec.md: Time series, MAPE < 10% target
- plan.md: Seasonal decomposition, ARIMA vs Prophet
- tasks.md: Stationarity tests, residual analysis

Key difference: Time series validation (no random split)

Framework Support

This skill works with all major ML frameworks:

Scikit-Learn

from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier
from specweave import track_sklearn_model

model = RandomForestClassifier(n_estimators=100)
with track_sklearn_model(model, increment="0042") as tracked:
    tracked.fit(X_train, y_train)
    tracked.evaluate(X_test, y_test)

PyTorch

import torch
from specweave import track_pytorch_model

model = NeuralNet()
with track_pytorch_model(model, increment="0042") as tracked:
    for epoch in range(epochs):
        tracked.train_epoch(train_loader)
        tracked.log_metric(f"loss_epoch_{epoch}", loss)

TensorFlow/Keras

from tensorflow import keras
from specweave import KerasCallback

model = keras.Sequential([...])
model.fit(
    X_train, y_train,
    callbacks=[KerasCallback(increment="0042")]
)

XGBoost/LightGBM

import xgboost as xgb
from specweave import track_boosting_model

dtrain = xgb.DMatrix(X_train, label=y_train)
with track_boosting_model("xgboost", increment="0042") as tracked:
    model = xgb.train(params, dtrain, callbacks=[tracked.callback])

Integration Points

With experiment-tracker skill

• Auto-detects MLflow/W&B in project
• Configures tracking URI to increment folder
• Syncs experiment metadata to increment docs

With model-evaluator skill

• Generates comprehensive evaluation reports
• Compares models across experiments
• Highlights best model with confidence intervals

With feature-engineer skill

• Generates feature engineering pipeline
• Documents feature importance
• Creates feature store schemas

With ml-engineer agent

• Delegates complex ML decisions to specialized agent
• Reviews model architecture
• Suggests improvements based on results

Skill Outputs

After running /sw:do on an ML increment, you get:

.specweave/increments/0042-recommendation-model/
├── spec.md ✅
├── plan.md ✅
├── tasks.md ✅ (all completed)
├── COMPLETION-SUMMARY.md ✅
├── experiments/
│   ├── exp-001-baseline/
│   │   ├── metrics.json
│   │   ├── params.json
│   │   └── logs/
│   ├── exp-002-xgboost/ ✅ BEST
│   │   ├── metrics.json
│   │   ├── params.json
│   │   ├── model.pkl
│   │   └── shap_values.pkl
│   └── comparison.md
├── models/
│   ├── model-v3.pkl (best)
│   └── model-v3.metadata.json
├── data/
│   ├── schema.yaml
│   └── sample.parquet
└── notebooks/
    ├── 01-eda.ipynb
    ├── 02-feature-engineering.ipynb
    └── 03-model-analysis.ipynb

Commands

This skill integrates with SpecWeave commands:

# Create ML increment
/sw:inc "build recommendation model"
→ Activates ml-pipeline-orchestrator
→ Creates ML-specific increment structure

# Execute ML tasks
/sw:do
→ Guides through data → train → eval workflow
→ Auto-tracks experiments

# Validate ML increment
/sw:validate 0042
→ Checks: experiments logged, model saved, metrics documented
→ Validates: model meets success criteria

# Complete ML increment
/sw:done 0042
→ Generates ML completion summary
→ Syncs model metadata to living docs

Tips

1. Start simple - Always begin with baseline, then iterate
2. Track failures - Document why approaches didn't work
3. Version data - Use DVC or similar for data versioning
4. Reproducibility - Log environment (requirements.txt, conda env)
5. Incremental improvement - Each increment improves on previous model
6. Team collaboration - Living docs make ML decisions visible to all

Advanced: Multi-Increment ML Projects

For complex ML systems (e.g., recommendation system with multiple models):

0042-recommendation-data-pipeline
0043-recommendation-candidate-generation
0044-recommendation-ranking-model
0045-recommendation-reranking
0046-recommendation-ab-test

Each increment:

• Has its own spec, plan, tasks
• Builds on previous increments
• Documents model interactions
• Maintains system-level living docs