mongodb-project-structure

MongoDB Project Structure

Standard Layout

database/
├── models/
│   ├── order.js                      # Mongoose schema + model
│   ├── customer.js
│   └── product.js
├── migrations/
│   ├── 20260101000000-create-orders-indexes.js
│   ├── 20260102000000-add-schema-validation.js
│   └── 20260103000000-backfill-customer-email.js
├── indexes/
│   ├── orders.js                     # Index definitions for orders collection
│   ├── customers.js
│   └── products.js
├── validators/
│   ├── orders.json                   # JSON Schema validator for orders
│   ├── customers.json
│   └── products.json
├── aggregations/
│   ├── monthly-sales-report.js
│   └── top-customers.js
├── seed/
│   ├── lookup/
│   │   └── orderStatuses.json
│   └── dev/
│       └── sampleOrders.json
├── tests/
│   ├── orders.test.js
│   ├── customers.test.js
│   └── aggregations.test.js
├── migrate-mongo-config.js
└── docker-compose.yml                # MongoDB + Mongo Express for dev

Rules

• One file per model/schema
• migrations/ for versioned change scripts (timestamp prefix for ordering)
• indexes/ for explicit index definition scripts (applied during setup)
• validators/ for JSON Schema collection validators
• aggregations/ for reusable aggregation pipelines
• seed/lookup/ for reference data
• seed/dev/ for development-only sample data
• tests/ alongside models, one test file per model/aggregation
• Use migrate-mongo-config.js for migration tool configuration